Letter Entitled “Racial and Political Persecution of Grassroots Black Political Prisoners and Activists” (2008)

To:      Director, Department of Homeland Security and Staff;
Director, Office of National Intelligence and Staff;
Director, Central Intelligence Agency and Staff;
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation and Staff;
Commonwealth Attorney Adrian Collins, Wise County, VA;
Virginia Department of Corrections,
Director and Deputy Director,
Inspector General and Staff,
Publication Review Committee;
Red Onion State Prison,
Warden and Assistant Warden,
Investigator and Intelligence Office Staff,
Security Chief,
Mailroom Staff;
Virginia Attorney General and Staff.

From:  Kevin “Rashid” Johnson, Minister of Defense, New Afrikan Black Panther Party/White Panther Organization

Date:  June 3, 2008

Re:      Racial and Political Persecution of Grassroots Black Political Leaders and Activists.

As many of you are certainly aware, Amerika’s ‘intelligence’ and executive policing agencies (federal, state and local) have a sordid legacy of persecuting and targeting grassroots Black political leaders and activists for destruction. The spectrum of methods applied have ranged from slander (false character and image depictions and attacks) spread through and by government agents and friendly media ‘assets,’ to false and malicious criminal arrests and prosecutions, to violence and outright murder.

Such designs come as no surprise in a country that was built upon history’s first race-based and most brutal system of enslavement and native genocide and land-theft. The very place where the false concept of race and attendant racism (white racial supremacy) were created.[1]

Since chattel slavery, and Amerikan society was artificially divided along politically created racial lines, it has been a central policy to prevent Blacks from organizing independent political institutions and parties. Until just a few decades ago, this policy included our systematic exclusion from participating as genuine citizens in electoral politics. Indeed, Amerika’s ‘dual party’ system evolved from the struggle to keep Blacks enslaved and out of the political sphere – contrary to deceptive official claims that this system arose as an expression of respect for diverse political views and representatives.[2]

It is also telling that many of the historical figures projected today as Amerikan heroes and ‘founding fathers’ embraced bigoted views and practiced genocidal and criminal policies that would have made even the most vicious German Nazi blush.27 Let’s not forget that the Central Intelligence Agency, in its formative years, absorbed and employed many of the Nazi’s worst war criminals as agents, assets and advisors.[3] Indeed, president George W. Bush’s grandfather was Hitler’s chief Amerikan financer during World War II, and ended in having his Union Banking Corporation confiscated under the Trading with the Enemies Act in October 1942 by the Roosevelt administration.[4]

Since U.S. executive policies of targeting ‘non-imbedded’ Black politicos for destruction were exposed in the 1970s, culminating in several Congressional investigations and reports,[5] efforts have been made to gloss over this history and to rehabilitate the images of these agencies, particularly through glamorized images and cultural fantasies projected of Amerikan police and intelligence agencies, via the vast entertainment/information media. However, behind this iron curtain of deception, official designs have not changed. A fact that I bear witness to, because I have been and am a target of them, which is the basis of this letter.

I have been incarcerated since 1990, and have experienced first-hand the brutal reality of Amerikan prisons. A system that, as the American Civil Liberties Union has acknowledged is more and more “dedicated to the African-American community,”[6] and the underlying anti-Black orientation of this system, which cannot be honestly denied.[7]

For many years I have been reporting and pursuing public exposure and redress of the brutality, torture, and abuses occurring inside these institutions, and have supported and co-founded several groups and organizations that also pursue these ends.

In 2005 I co-founded the New Afrikan Black Panther Party / White Panther Organization, a non-violent, legal and above-ground party whose focus is on promoting the interests and human rights, in strictly legal forms, of sectors of the U.S. Population whose needs and interests are ignored, and who are not represented, by the ‘established’ political-economic system – especially poor, working class and imprisoned Blacks.

The NABPP / WPO specifically opposes criminal activities, ‘street gang’ mentalities and behaviors, violence (except in the extremes of self-defense), all forms of discrimination (racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, national, etc.), and all forms of oppression. We also promote the right to free, open and honest speech. Our orientation, ideologies, and views have been and are elaborated in our various periodicals and publications, many of them I authored.[8]

Because U.S. social policies are not oriented towards serving or promoting the needs, interests, rights and benefits of poor, working class and ethnic people, while our Party’s orientation specifically is, we are likely viewed as promoting views unpopular with and to the status quo. As a result of this in general, and my role in these efforts in particular, I have been and am targeted with those repressive methods reserved in Amerika for independent Black leaders and activists.

One typical form that this targeting has taken is my being falsely profiled by this prison as the leader of a criminal street gang or Security Threat Group (STG), namely the NABPP/WPO. This tactic of stigmatizing and consequently repressing Black political groups is certainly not new or unique, and harkens back to policies applied by U.S. officials during periods when official racism was less veiled.[9]As Associate U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Hugo Black pointed out:

“History should teach us … that … minority parties and groups which advocate extremely unpopular social or governmental innovations will always be typed as criminal gangs and attempts will always be made to drive them out.” Barenblatt v. U. S., 360 U. S. 109, 150 (1959) (dissenting opinion).

So much for the facial validity of STG profilings.

I have persisted in seeking an explanation from this prison’s and prison system’s administration as to what the NABPP/WPO has done or promotes that qualifies us for STG classification, besides the obvious reasons of their own racial and political intolerance. To date my inquiries have been evaded and I am told that I cannot formally grieve the matter through the established grievance procedures.

It is of course a crime to be a member of, to recruit for, or to act in furtherance of the goals of a  criminal street gang. The criteria of what constitutes a criminal street gang is defined by law.[10] Incidentally, I might add, “street gang” implies groupings of people of color, since it is generally recognized that, since the 1970s, ‘urban’ is basically synonymous in Amerika with the Black population, over 90% of which lives in urban communities. Yet another ‘legal’ embodiment of the race factor, targeted at people of color selectively.

Moreover, to falsely impute criminal activities to one not duly convicted is per se defamation and slander[11] – and one is presumed innocent of crimes that they have not been thus convicted of.

This entire gang profiling of me and the NABPP / WPO here has been at the instigation of this prison’s near-exclusively white staff and investigator, (and admittedly conveyed to federal intelligence agencies), who come from local, rural, race-segregated communities of mountainous south-western Virginia and eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, who harbor socially conditioned and culturally ingrained insensitivities towards, and genuine ignorance of the views, values, history and culture of urban people of color.

Typical of the tendency of racists to stereotype groups of people, these officials make no distinctions between Black political organizations, and indeed declare that “all Black groups that promote dissent” fit their criteria of a gang or STG, as does any group or organization that criticizes government and prison practices and policies.

Further, they lump together every group that has ever used the “Black Panther” name, (characterizing them all as generically, the “Black Panther group”, or “Black Panther gang”). Although, there have been a great number of different organizations that have used the “Black Panther” name or logo; none of which is the NABPP / WPO affiliated with. In fact, initially they claimed the NABPP / WPO and the New Black Panther Party, which is led today by D.C.-based attorney Malik Zulu Shabazz, were one and the same organization, whereas these two organizations have no connection. Interestingly, however, they have stated in writing that Mr. Shabazz – a federal lawyer – is the leader of a criminal gang also, namely the NBPP.

Many of the organizations that have used the Black Panther name in fact no longer exist, and had very different ideologies, agendas and views.[12] Indeed, the NBPP is a quasi-religious group connected to the nation of Islam, whose racial, political and economic views the NABPP / WPO do not share. Fundamentally, this prison designated the NABPP / WPO a gang and STG before even knowing what our views and interests are, and subsequently have ignored them in order to preserve this false criminal profile.

And using the generic, all-inclusive “Black Panther” designation, they systematically bar any and all information on any BP organization, past and present, from possession by any prisoner, although most Black history reference books and general encyclopedias have entries on the original Black Panther Party and its leaders. So in essence, the policy here is to censor Black history while promoting the history and memory of white Amerikan figures and political leaders who exterminated Indians, and enslaved, brutalized and raped Blacks as an accepted political norm.27 Racial discrimination.

But of course this repression is not without precedent.

The original BPP, which was founded in Oakland, California in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, and destroyed by the U. S. government, met with similar persecution. Indeed, its treatment by the U. S. government, the Federal Bureau of Investigation in particular, set the standard on official hatred and smear-mongering against groups bearing the BP name.

The original BPP was founded as a legal above-ground Black political party that promoted the rights of urban Blacks to defend their communities against crime and violence,[13] and promoted community service programs to meet the economic needs of desperately poor urban Blacks that the government ignored: such as free breakfast programs for children (this was before food stamps and free school meals were widely available – in fact the government expanded food stamps and school meals as  counter to the Panther’s programs), petition drives against police brutality, free schools, free health clinics, free clothing and shoe programs, free busing to prisons, free senior citizen service programs, free sickle-cell-anemia research and testing, free pest control, plumbing and maintenance, ambulance, day-care, and news service programs.[14]

Various surveys found the vast majority of the urban Black population supported the BPP. The BPP was so popular that similar BP formations sprang up in England, Israel, Bermuda, Australia and India. It also aided in forming similar groups among whites (the White Panther Party and Young Patriot Party, the latter being a formation of Appalachian whites), the Mexicans (Brown Berets), Puerto Rico (Young Lords Party), and white college student groups, which it worked closely with as allies. As Todd Gitlin of the Students for a Democratic Society noted, “At a time when most other black [groups] donned dashikis and glowered at whites, they [Panthers] welcomed white allies.” Eldridge Cleaver, the BPP’s Minister of Information pointed out:

“[I]n reality there is no such thing as a black movement and a white movement in the United States. These are merely categories of thought that only have reality in terms of the lines that the ruling class itself has drawn and is implementing amongst the people. The United States is controlled by one ruling class.”

Solely because of its orientation toward uplifting and serving communities, the BPP was viciously slandered and attacked by the government. Violence prone street gangs were incited by the FBI and police to attack and kill BPP leaders and members;[15] racial and anti-white stereotypes were played up via the media; bogus letters were written by the FBI agents and sent to BPP members, the public, landlords, employers, spouses, supporters, religious leaders, etc. to play the Black community, Panthers and other Black groups against each other; assassination raids were conducted by FBI and police to murder Panthers; false arrests and prosecutions of Panthers were conducted to stigmatize them as criminally inclined and to harass them and deplete Party funds and resources on defending members against false criminal charges, and much more. All orchestrated by the FBI’s covert action program, COINTELPRO (COunter INTELligence PROram).[16]

The derogatory and violence-prone image of the BPP was solely the creation of a then openly racist and sexist FBI,16 led by J. Edgar Hoover,[17] and other agencies, at a period when Blacks and women were refused employment with the FBI, and it was openly operating as an agency opposed to Blacks and Black communities.[18] The concededly illegal and criminal methods used by the FBI against the BPP were exposed and denounced by the U. S. Congress in 1976,5 and several in-depth studies have been written on the FBI’s anti-BPP and anti-Black crusade.[19]

While the FBI claimed, in the face of its exposure in the 1970s, that it would end or limit future COINTELPROs (although it has not), the false images it portrayed of the BPP continue and live on in the white Amerikan public mind.[20] Hence, the very mention of the name BP today evokes images of a gun-toting Black version of the Ku Klux Klan.

But let there be no mistake about it, the BPP was not an exception to the rule in the application of these methods against Black political activists and leaders. As the Church Committee Congressional investigations of U. S. intelligence agencies exposed, all Black leaders and groups were targeted, even such groups and leaders as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr., all under FBI labels of their being “violence prone” “Black Nationalist Hate Groups.”9 Just like the criminal gang label is thrown around today.

As a recent in-depth exposé by attorney William F. Pepper, and a wrongful death lawsuit he successfully prosecuted on behalf of the King family in 1999 revealed the FBI, in collaboration with other U.S. civil and military intelligence agencies, were King’s actual killers.[21]

King’s widow, the late Coretta Scott King, had this to say about Pepper’s book:

“For a quarter of a century, Bill Pepper conducted an independent investigation of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. He opened his files to our family, encouraged us to speak with the witnesses, and represented our family in the civil trial against the conspirators. The jury affirmed his findings, providing our family with a long-sought sense of closure and peace, which had been denied by official disinformation and cover-ups. Now the findings of his exhaustive investigation and additional revelations from the trial are presented in the pages of this important book. We recommend it highly to everyone who seeks the truth about Dr. King’s assassination.”

Yet today, the U.S. government pretends to respect the memory and work of this man that it murdered, with a national holiday.[22]

The object, then as today, is to destroy independent and influential Black political leaders and replace them with ones “approved” by U.S. officials to mislead us.[23] To continue the oppressive and steadily deteriorating conditions within, and to divide the U.S. Black communities.

As the Church Committee report revealed, assistant FBI director William C. Sullivan promoted a COINTELPRO in which the FBI would hand-pick a “new national leader,” once King was eliminated.[24] Sullivan’s overall strategy, which he wrote in 1964, was to simultaneously destroy Dr. King, Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad. He wrote:

“… when this is done, and it can and will be done, obviously much confusion will reign, particularly among the negro people…. The negroes will be left without a national leader of sufficiently compelling personality to steer them in the proper direction….”[25]

Sullivan recommended Black corporate lawyer Samuel R. Pierce, Jr. as King’s replacement.

Yesterday it was a corporate lawyer, today it is an ex-law professor – Barack Obama.

We of course know that COINTELPRO is alive and well. The repressions I face are classic COINTELPRO methods. Also, three years ago FBI director Robert Mueller announced before a Senate subcommittee the implementation of a new “Threat Assessment Program” (TAPS). A modern COINTELPRO targeted specifically at U.S. prisoners who are politically active, under the cover, as always, of professing to prevent potential violence. The same self-serving rationale used to justify the ongoing persecution and ultimate murder of Dr. King, and targeting all other Black political groups, leaders and activists.[26] TAPS involves the FBI, along with Homeland Security and other agencies, working in collaboration with various prisons and prison systems nationwide to identify, profile, disrupt, repress, and neutralize prisoner activists (groups and individuals), being mindful that several influential Black political leaders like Malcolm X and George Jackson developed inside of prison. I have been informed that I have been and am a target of TAPS.

Methods that I have been targeted with include the following:

• Frequent interception and destruction of my mail;
• Systematic obstruction of all articles I write or artwork I create from coming into the prisons;
• Obstructions of my ability to collaborate with outside editors and contacts to have my articles and a book I wrote published;
• Blocking nearly all of my periodicals from reaching me;
• Repeated targetings with trumped-up disciplinary reports;
• Repeated indictments on trumped-up violent crimes that have been each dismissed in turn – the last one with prejudice where I conducted my defense pro se (abuse of process);
• Habitually disappearing my incoming mail or rejecting it as in violation of prison policy without explanation;
• Barring my contacts with various attorneys who have attempted to assist me;
• Rejecting, opening and delaying my legal mail – even from the ACLU – outside my presence;
• Hampering my contacts with the courts in anticipated and pending litigations;
• Frequent destructions and thefts of my legal property which I have had to obtain court orders to have returned;
• Barring my visitors and telephone use and blocking the telephone numbers of loved ones and others;
• Targeting me with threats, attempts and actual acts of violence by guards and their white supremacist inmate lackeys; etc.

I should add that further conditions exist at this prison, and within this prison system, which are openly race-motivated and otherwise unlawful, e.g. the censorship of Black – and Brown – oriented cultural, political and historical publications as STG materials; while no such measures are applied to mainstream and white publications and media; censorship of all media and publications that in any way critique U.S. government, prison and economic policies and practices; censorship of publications and media by or about grassroots Black historical figures and leaders such as Huey P. Newton and Harry Haywood, while publications about racist, murderous and criminally oppressive white historical figures like Adolph Hitler, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Christopher Columbus,[27] etc., etc. are stocked in the prison library and accessible to all prisoners; promoting, protecting and hiring of staff at the prison who are members and affiliates of white supremacist groups and gangs; repression of prisoners who are “documented members” of actual Black and Brown street gangs, while officials protect and give free reign to members of white supremacist gangs and use them as hit men against disliked prisoners of color,[28] removing all television stations from the prison’s closed circuit television system that aired Black programs; harassing local radio stations and programs that play Black music and allow call-ins to prisoners from friends, family and supporters; subjecting Black and Brown prisoners to the harshest and highest security levels and conditions while maintaining white prisoners in minimum security with extensive privileges and benefits making security level classifications along blatantly racial lines; frequent targetings of Black and Brown prisoners with abuse, violence, denied meals, etc.; deliberately engineering and facilitating violent conflicts between and against prisoners of color, particularly between prisoners documented as members of rival Black and Brown street gangs,[29] populating these remote prisons that are staffed nearly-exclusively by rural whites with predominantly non-white prisoners, etc., etc.

That the FBI and other intelligence and executive agencies are more racially diverse today than during the 1960s and ’70s in no way invalidates their anti-Black policies. Indeed it was a Black Chicago policeman – Gloves Davis – that shot two sleeping BPP leaders, Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, in their heads at point-blank range in December 1969, in an FBI orchestrated assassination raid. It was today’s FBI that assassinated Puerto Rican grassroots leader Filiberto Ojeda Rios in September 2005 sparking protests across Puerto Rico, which spanned everyday civilians to government leaders.[30] Also, the most brutal violence against South Afrikan Blacks during openly racist apartheid was often carried out by Black soldiers and police.[31] We see Black and Brown police involved as viciously as white ones in unprovoked and unjustified violence and murders of urban youth of color today in Amerika.

Furthermore, the National Security Council (NSC), which is chaired by the U.S. president, and whose enforcement arm is the CIA, implemented NSC memorandum #46 in 1978, the stated goals of which were/are to ensure the permanent demise and destruction of the U.S. Black liberation and civil rights movements.[32] In its own words the NSC-46 devised to ensure that there would never evolve another independent Black leader or organization that could unite the U.S. Black population; to play white working class people against Blacks; to divide the Black community and political groups; to bring more Blacks into established political institutions so they could be controlled and used to mislead the Black population; and to destroy all aspirations then prevailing among Blacks to develop an independent Black political party.

So we see an overall historical continuum till today of targeting Black leaders and activists for destruction who are not “approved” by the Establishment, and deliberately maintaining the urban Black communities in crisis. And the same old tactics are being used.

Officials at this prison have conceded working with the FBI and DHS in “intelligence sharing” – government speak for interagency repressive covert actions against targeted individuals and groups.

Of course, none of what I’ve touched on herein related to the history and designs of this country’s intelligence and policing agencies is unknown to the various recipients of this letter, it’s your M.O. and S.O.P. It’s the general public that’s kept oblivious of it. Moreover, I’ve only skimmed the surface, just enough to place my issues in their proper context, and to satisfy my burden of placing each of you on notice of my issues before pursuing redress in other forums, and to afford you the opportunity to address/redress these matters.

I am therefore presenting this letter of complaint to all named agencies and officials, requesting that such racially and politically-motivated persecution and abuses cease, that the false gang/STG profiling of me and the NABPP/WPO at this prison and anywhere else be rescinded with an apology for this defamation, and that all the illegal, discriminatory and retaliatory treatments and conditions mentioned herein be abolished. If I hear nothing from you all within 20 days, I will proceed to seek both public and judicial exposure and redress of these and other practices against those officials hereby notified, via copy of this letter.

Sincerely,

Kevin “Rashid” Johnson, No. 185492
Red Onion State Prison
P.O. Box 1900
Pound, VA 24279

[1] See, e.g., Theodore Allen, The Invention of the White Race (New York: Verso, 1997); Steve Martinot, The Rule of Racialization (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2003).

In 1676 Afrikan and English slaves and indentured servants, who enjoyed equal statuses and conditions of brutality and abuse, came together under a rebellious young planter, Nathaniel Bacon in a united revolt that overthrew the colonial government in Virginia and burned down the capitol at Jamestown (Bacon’s Rebellion). Six months into the revolt Bacon died of influenza, and without its leader the revolt was defeated by colonial forces. Subsequently, the colonial government instituted a policy designed to prevent any similar revolt from occurring again, by dividing the society of poor workers against each other along racial lines. In 1682 laws were passed creating the “Negro” and “White” races and making slavery an hereditary and permanent status for Afrikans. (See, William W. Hening, Statutes at Large: The Laws of Virginia (Richmond, 1809), pp. 492ff). In 1705 the “race” line was further clarified by laws that defined as “negro” anyone having “one drop” of Afrikan blood. Slavery and servitude of whites was phased out, and they were brought together under the concept of being a “superior” race, religiously ordained to enslave Blacks under the Biblical “curse of Canaan.” The entire white society was mobilized as a united force (slave patrols) to police and brutally repress Blacks, whom they were indoctrinated to hate and fear. This politically manufactured system gave birth to white racism, that persists till today, and was exported from the Virginian colonies to all areas where Europeans came into contact with and sought to conquer the lands and seize the wealth and labor, power of people of color and is preserved in multitudes of ways by today’s capitalist political-economic systems, which deliberately pit Whites, Blacks and other ‘races’ against each other.

[2] “The purity of democratic institutions was, in the historical debates around Manifest Destiny, an extension of the purity concept of whiteness. And in the evolution of the two-party system, a further extension of the structure of racialization expressing itself. The force driving U.S. political process toward a two-party system historically was none other than the question of slavery and the disenfranchisement of the black voter …

“The disenfranchisement of the black voter has been a major issue throughout U.S. history. It was hotly debated right after the Revolution, imposed in most states before the Civil War, imposed by means of paramilitary operations during and after Reconstruction, and flaunted in the face of Constitutional guarantees of the right to vote until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The drive to disenfranchise black people continues today through massive felony incarceration for misdemeanors and victimless crimes, fro which they lose suffrage. According to Paul Maygood, more than 13% of potential black voters are currently disenfranchised. (Ryan Paul Haygood, Black Commentator, June 10, 2004. According to Maygood, of the 4.7 million people disenfranchised by felony conviction in the U.S., 1.4 million are black males, or 13% of the adult black population. This does not count black females.)” Steve Martinot, Socialism and Democracy, “Mexico, Iraq, and the Two-Party System: Studies in White Supremacy,” Vol. 19, No. 1, March 2005, pp. 129-130.

[3] Exposés on the protection and employment of Nazi war criminals by the U.S. and British governments are legion. See for example, Christopher Simpson, Blowback: America’s Recruitment of Nazis and its Effects on the Cold War (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988). (On Rauff, the inventor and administrator of the gas truck execution program which murdered approximately 250,000 people, see pp. 92-94; on Gehlen, Hitler’s most senior intelligence officer on the brutal Easter Front, see pp. 40-72, 248-263, 279-283; on Barbie, the Gestapo’s “Butcher of Lyons,” see pp. 185-195); see also, Mary Ellen Reese, General Reinhard Gehlen: The C.I.A. Connection (Fairfax, Va: George Mason University Press, 1990); Erhard Dubringhaus, Klaus Barbie: The Shocking Story of How the U.S. Used This Nazi War Criminal As An Intelligence Agent – A First Hand Account (Washington: Acropolis, 1984); John Loftus, The Belarus Secret (New York: Knopf, 1982) ch. 5; Tom Bower, Klause Barbie: The “Butcher of Lyons” (New York: Pantheon, 1984); Kai Hermann, “A Killer’s Career,” Stern (Germany), May 10 and following, 1984 (six part series based upon declassified U.S. government documents and interviews conducted in Bolivia); Linda Hunt, Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945-1990 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1991); Alexander Cockburn, et al., Whiteout: The C.I.A., Drugs and the Press (London: Verso, 1998), chs. 6 and 7; Eugene J. Kolb, [former U.S. counterintelligence corps officer and chief of operations in the Augsburg region of Germany], “Army Counterintelligence’s Dealings with Klaus Barbie,” Letter, New York Times, July 26, 1983, p. A20 (defending the employment of Barbie); Michael McClintock, Instruments of Statecraft: U.S. Guerrilla Warfare Counter-Insurgency and Counter-Terrorism, 1940-1990 (New York: Pantheon, 1992), especially ch. 3 (important study of U.S. intelligence’s absorption of Nazi methods and practitioners into U.S. special warfare doctrine after World War II).

[4] Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy: An Exposé of the Nazi-American Money Plot (New York: Delacorte, 1983). George Bush is certainly not an exception among prominent U.S. government officials with direct lines of descent from major Nazis. Karl Rove’s grandfather helped run the Nazi Party and build the Birkenau Death Camp, and California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Austrian father was a Nazi SA volunteer and became a ranking officer. See, The Free Press, October 6, 2003.

[5] See, Church Committee, U.S. Congressional Report: Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, 94^th Congress, 2^nd session, report no. 94-755 (1976) (Washington, U.S. Government Printing Offices), Books II and III.

[6] ACLU, Cracks in the System: Twenty Years of the Unjust Federal Crack Cocaine Law (October, 2006).

[7] Harvard Law Review, “Developments in the Law – Race and the Criminal Process,” vol. 101, no. 7, May 198, pp. 1473-1641 (comprehensive dissection of racial discrimination in the ‘criminal justice’ system, determining that discrimination exists at every stage of the ‘criminal justice’ process); Steven R. Donziger, ed., The Real War on Crime: The Report of the National Criminal Justice Commission (New York: Harper Collins, 1996), especially ch. 4. Michael Tonry, Malign Neglect – Race, Crime, and Punishment in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).

[8] Kevin “Rashid” Johnson, The Don’t Shank The Guards Handbook: Legal Recourse to Guards’ Brutality, Harassment and Rape (2005); On The Questions of Race and Racism (2006), Wimyn Hold Up Half the Sky (2008), etc.

[9] Op. cit., note 5, book III p. 4 (The FBI’s “covert action” programs were generally targeted at any Black political and other groups. “The Black Nationalist program, according to its supervisor included ‘a great number of organizations that your might not today characterize as black nationalist but which were in fact primarily black.’ Indeed, the nonviolent Southern Christian Leadership Conference was labeled as a Black Nationalist ‘Hate Group.’”)

[10] In Virginia where I am incarcerated for example, the criminal laws defining and governing “Criminal Street Gangs,” are set out under Va. Code, Sections 18.2 – 46.1:3, which parallel similar Federal criminal laws under Titles 18 of the U. S. Code.

[11] For defamation law in Virginia governing false imputations of crime, see for example, Zayre of VA., Inc. v. Gowdy, 207 Va. 47, 147 S. E. 2d 710 (1966); Shupe v. Rose’s Stores, Inc., 213 Va. 374, 192 S. E. 2d 766 (1972). But see especially, Schnupp v. Smith, 249 Va. 353, 457 S. E. 2^nd 42 (1995). (Words that impute the commission of a crime that is punishable by imprisonment in a state or federal institution are actionable defamation and slander per se). Accord Va. Code Section 8.01-45.

[12] The various Black organizations that have used the Black Panther name, past and present, include, The original Black Panther Party (U.S. 1966 – 1982), the Black Panther Movement (England), The Black Panther Party of Israel (Israel), Black Panther Party (Australia), Dalit Panthers (India), New Black Panther Party (U.S., 1990 – present), Black Panther Collective (U.S. 1994 – present), the National Alliance of Black Panthers (U.S.), Anarchist Black Panthers (U.S.), the NABPP / WPO (U.S., 2005 – present), etc.

[13] As Huey Newton pointed out in a February 11, 1973 interview with William Buckley, on Public Television’s Firing Line, “we were very careful to follow city ordinances, gun regulations, state law, and our constitutional rights.”

[14] Charles E. Jones, et al., “Don’t Believe the Hype: Debunking the Panther Mythology,” The Black Panther Party Reconsidered (Baltimore, MD: Black Classic, 1998) pp. 29-31.

[15] Op. cit., note 5, book III, p. 42, one of many examples was where the FBI sent “[a]n anonymous letter … to the leader of the Blackstone Rangers, a Chicago gang ‘to whom violent type activity, shooting, and the like, are second nature,’ advising them that ‘the brothers that run the Panthers blame you for blocking their thing and there’s supposed to be a hit out for you.’ The letter was intended to ‘intensify the degree of animosity between the two groups’ and cause ‘retaliatory action which could disrupt the BPP or lead to reprisals against its leadership’.”

[16] Op. cit., note 5, book III, pp. 185-225, section titles “The FBI’s Covert Action Program to Destroy the Black Panther Party”

“[R]ecently a reporter’s Freedom of Information Act investigation into COINTELPRO files found that the American government had done everything possible to infiltrate the Black Panthers and other lesser-known activist groups, then had its ‘agents lead the groups into violent gestures that would divide them, undermine their credibility and bring down the full weight of the state’ on the leaders’ heads.” William Hinton, Through A Glass Darkly (New York: Monthly Review, 2006).

“[R]epression in the United States is worse than ever before and much, much harsher than the world – or most Americans. For that matter – is aware or told. In New Mexico, for example, the Alianza led by Reies Tijerina, has been hounded relentlessly since 1966; its offices have been dynamited (by police at that), its leaders shot, its members jailed on such flagrantly outrageous charges that few Americans would believe – even today – the strictly factual story. At the time of writing, Tijerina himself was locked up for years and his Alianza was flagging. As for Blacks, their repression is not less brutal, just more widespread. The whole primary and secondary leadership of the Black Panther Party has been jailed on obvious frame-ups. They have been beaten, tortured and murdered. Twice in Oakland, I saw with my own eyes, police in official cars zoom by a group of Panthers talking peacefully on a street and open fire at them. Tree times I witnessed police arrest Panthers, handcuff them, and then pistol-whip them. In over a dozen cases, after seeing Panthers arrested, I have gone to see them in jail and found them bloodied from having “fallen down the stairs” or form having “assaulted a policeman.” And the whole world knows – for this time it was reported in the press – that on-duty Chicago policemen murdered Panthers Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in their sleep. By the end of 1969, not a single policeman had been brought to justice for these acts of violence. On the other hand, all of white America’s law enforcement agents, including federal marshals and the FBI, have gone out of their way – and, often, out of their jurisdiction – to arrest Panthers, without having warrants. Federal marshals have even refused to honor a court order not to remove Chairman Bobby Seale from California (which, legally, made the marshals kidnappers). By 1970, twenty-eight Black Panthers had been murdered by the police, some beaten to death after arrest (Charles Cox in Chicago), some in unprovoked assaults (seventeen year-old Bobby Hutton in Oakland, Hampton and Clark in Chicago), most in front of scores of witnesses, who could never testify, as the police were never charged.” John Gerassi, The Coming of the New International (World Publishing Co., 1971), pp.552-553.

[17] See, Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and His Secrets (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991).

[18] Kenneth O’Reilly, “Racial Matters”: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972 (New York: Free Press, 1989).

[19] Id; Ward Churchill et al., Agents of Repression: The FBI’s Secret Wars on the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement (Boston: South End, 1988); etc.

[20] “The FBI has attempted covertly to influence the public’s perception of persons and organizations by disseminating derogatory information to the press, either anonymously or through ‘friendly’ contacts.” Joy James, Shadow Boxing (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), p. 112; see also op. cit., note 5.

[21] William F. Pepper, An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King (London: Verson, 2003).

[22] “Even after King’s death, [FBI] agents in the field were proposing methods for harassing his widow, and Bureau officials were trying to prevent his birthday from becoming a national holiday.” Op. cit., note 5, book II, p. 223.

[23] Ward Churchill, et. al., The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret Wars Against Dissent in America (Boston: South End, 1990), p. 97.

[24] Op. cit., note 5, book III, p. 136.

[25] Ibid.

[26] The Church Committee summed up the limits on law enforcement agencies’ methods of “preventing violence”:

“The prevention of violence is clearly not, in itself, an improper purpose, preventing violence is the ultimate goal of most law enforcement. Prosecution and sentencing are intended to deter future criminal behavior, not only of the subject but also of others who might break the law. In that sense, law enforcement legitimately attempts the indirect prevention of possible violence and, if the methods used are proper, raises no constitutional issues. When the government goes beyond traditional law enforcement methods, however, and attacks group membership and advocacy, it treads on ground forbidden to it by the Constitution. In Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), the Supreme Court held that the government is not permitted to ‘forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force or law violation except where such advocacy is directed toward inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.’ In the absence of such clear and present danger, the government cannot act against speech nor, presumably against association.” (Op. cit., note 5, book III, p.6.)

[27] David E. Stannard, American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). An excerpt, p. 120:

“[T]he surviving Indians later referred to [President George] Washington by the name ‘Town Destroyer,’ for it was under his direct orders that at least 28 of the 30 Seneca towns from Lake Erie to the Mohawk River had been totally obliterated in a period of less than five years, as had all the towns and villages of the Mohawk, the Onendaga, and the Cayuga. As one Iroquois told Washington to his face in 1792: ‘To this day, when that name is heard, our woman folk look behind them and turn pale, and our children cling close to the necks of their mothers.’

“[President Thomas] Jefferson … in 1807 instructed his Secretary of War that any Indians who resisted American expansion into their lands must be met with ‘the hatchet.’ ‘And … if ever we are constrained to lift the hatchet against any tribe,’ he wrote, ‘we will never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated, or is driven beyond the Mississippi,’ continuing: ‘in war, they will kill some of us; we shall destroy all of them.’ Indeed, Jefferson’s writings on Indians are filled with the straightforward assertion that the natives are to be given a simple choice – to be ‘extirpate[d] from the earth’ or to remove themselves out of the Amerikans’ way. Had these same words been enunciated by a German leader in 1939, and directed at European Jews, they would be engraved in modern memory.”

In fact Hitler based his genocidal methods on study of the U.S. treatment of Native Americans. See, John Toland, Adolph Hitler (New York: Doubleday, 1976), p. 702. (“Hitler’s concept of concentration camps as well as the practicability of genocide owed much, so he claimed, to his studies of English and United States history. He admired the camps for Boer prisoners in South Africa and for the Indians in the Wild West, and often praised to his inner circle the efficiency of America’s extermination – by starvation and uneven comb at – of the red savages who could not be tamed by captivity.”); Joachim C. Fest, Hitler (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1973), p.214 (Hitler’s “continental war of conquest” was modeled “with explicit reference to the United States.”); Richard Rubenstein, “Afterword: Genocide and Civilization,” Isidor Wallimann, eds., et. al. Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death (Westport, Ct: Greenwood, 1987), p.288 (“Hitler saw the settlement of the New World and the concomitant elimination of North American’s Indian population by white European settlers as a model to be followed by Germany on the European continent.”)

On Columbus, see Samuel Eliot Morison, Christopher Columbus, Mariner (Boston: Little, Brown, 1955), p.129:

“By 1508 a census showed 60,000 of the estimated 1492 population of 250,000 [on Hispaniola] still alive, although the Bahamas and Cuba had been raided to obtain more slaves. Fifty years later, not 500 remained. The cruel. policy initiated by Columbus and pursued by his successors resulted in complete genocide.”

Furthermore, Washington and Jefferson were two of the largest slave-owners of their day. Jefferson, in fact, raped and sired a childe by a 14-year-old slave girl, Sally.

[28]/29 Prison officials’ inciting and facilitating violent conflicts and “gladiator fights” between rival racial groups of prisoners is a common trend in U.S. prisons, as the 1997 documentary exposé film Maximum Security University revealed.

[29]

[30] The Nation, “The Killing of Filiberto Ojeda Rios,” October 7, 2005. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20051024/jimenez.

[31] Kurt Campbell, “Marching for Pretoria,” Boston Globe Magazine, March 1, 1987, pp. 16f.

[32] The National Security Act of July 26, 1947, which created the NSC and CIA, limits the powers of these agencies to political and military matters outside the U.S.